Your Observation Effects The World |    Double-Slit Experiment 

Introduction

This world is very strange when you are observing it, then it is working in another way, and when you are not observing it then in another way.

It was revealed by the double-slit experiment of quantum physics that the results of this experiment have surprised and troubled scientists even today. This experiment made the scientists feel that they do not know anything about this world.

Before we go to the quantum world, let's take a quick recap about waves and particles. For example, we resort to marbles. Marbles behave like a particle. When you fire them on a single slit, these marbles will form a straight line on the back surface passing through the slit. Now if we use two slits then we will see two straight lines on the back wall. 

If you pass the wave with a single slit, where there will be a wave incident of the highest intensity, there will be a straight bright spot, this line will be exactly like a marble case. But when we use a double slit, something different happens.

When the top of one wave meets the bottom of another wave, they cancel each other, meaning that they create an interference pattern on the back wall. Where two wave tops meet, intensity is highest there, due to which a bright line is formed there, and where the top and bottom intersect, a dark line is formed there. Accordingly, bright and many low-intensity bright lines will form on the back wall.

So far we have come to know that when we pass the matter with two slits, two bright lines will be formed on the back wall. And when we pass the wave with slits, then we get a high-intensity bright line and many low-intensity bright lines due to interference. Now let's go to the quantum realm. 

Double Slit Experiment 

Since the electrons are elementary particles, when scientists passed the electrons with a single slit with the help of an electron gun, the electrons formed a straight line in the back wall as in the case of marble. Till here everything was normal. But when scientists got electrons passed through the double slit, then on the back wall, several lines were formed instead of two which was showing a wave interference. But the question is how a particle can show wave nature? Since interference patterns are shown by waves but electrons are of particle nature then Why are they behaving like a wave?

Physicists thought that electrons may be colliding due to which this is happening, so this time physicists choose such electron gun which would fire only one electron at a time so that electrons could not collide. But when physicists fire electrons, this time too interference patterns were found. This was possible only when electrons were moving from particle to wave before passing through the slit. Mathematically it was impossible because either they pass only with a slit or both. But changing the nature of electrons seemed a bit strange to the scientists. Then they thought that why not see what is happening with electrons?

So the scientists put observer equipment near the slits which could monitor small changes with the release of electrons, but this time something strange happened(as usual in quantum physics), which shocked the scientists. Actually, this time electrons made only two straight lines on the back wall showing particle nature. The amazing thing in this was that when electrons were observed, it showed particle nature and when it was not observed then wave nature. Meaning that when electrons were observed, they were showing particle nature and when not being observed, they were showing wave nature. It seemed as they were getting to know that someone was watching them, as a result of which they were changing their behavior. But the question is why and how the electrons behave like this still remains a mystery to Scientists. 

Conclusion

Scientists did this experiment with different types of observers, but each time electrons were behaving like before. Our world is also made up of elementary particles, it simply means that this world will also behave in the same way when we are not observing it. The great scientist Albert Einstein also believed the same. So next time you are preparing to sleep, then you may notice that this world may not be the same as it looks before and after sleeping.

There are many such mysteries in Quantum Physics even today that are beyond the science of scientists or if you say that the whole of Quantum physics is beyond the science of scientists.