Introduction
The process of converting the principles into facts has been going on and will continue. Some of the deepest predictions of theoretical physics, such as Einstein's Gravitational waves and Higgs boson, which were ever-present only in theory, have been proven today by experimentation. Recently scientists have discovered a new and rare state of matter. Which was first imagined in the year 2012, which was later rejected. This new type of matter is named Time Crystal. Interestingly, the atomic structure of the Time Crystal keeps repeating in both space and time, that is, the Time Crystal is a 4-dimensional crystal. Until now the materials we knew were 3-dimensional. In this article today, we will know what is time crystal? How do they work and how useful can they be in the future?
Before we go for Time Crystal, let's first understand what are crystals?
Crystals are solids whose constituents (elementary particles, atoms, and molecules) are in a particular order so that a crystal lattice is formed which extends in every direction. For example, diamonds, salts, ice, etc. If you look at the structure of ordinary 3-D crystals, then you will find that they keep repeating a particular pattern in space but time does not affect their pattern. That is if you see a diamond now or after some time, it will look the same as before, but atoms in Time Crystal not only keeps repeating in space but also due to time, their shape changes every time. They can remain in motion without any external force, they never reach the thermal equilibrium state. Because these are non-equilibrium crystals, unlike 3-D crystals.
How Time Crystals works?
Suppose you have a normal crystal in which the atoms are repeating a particular pattern. If you apply any energy from outside, then that energy will flow into every atom of the crystal and bring them to a thermal equilibrium state which is also called a zero-point state. In this state, heat is uniformly distributed in all atoms and they do not have enough energy for movement due to which they come in rest. In simple words, you can take the example of a football. When you kick, it must remain in motion for some time, but in the end, it has to stop. Now the paused football itself cannot come into motion but atoms in case of Time Crystals, they are involved in a repeated pattern in quantum entanglement that's why as soon as the energy has reached the entangled atom, its second pair immediately gets to know it and before the energy actually reaches there, it starts reacting due to which all the atoms come into motion. As a result, Time Crystals never come in a thermal equilibrium state and they show movement in their lowest energy state.
In 2012, Nobel prize winner Frank Bilzake conceived a crystal that was breaking the Time Translation Symmetry. Time Translation Symmetry says that the laws of physics apply equally to all places in the universe and at all times. For a long time, we believed that Symmetry remains the same in the laws of nature, but later we learned that there are many times deviations in it. Some objects while in their ground state break this symmetry without breaking the laws of physics.
Bilzake wondered if the way Symmetry breaks in space, can't it break in time? Can not crystals be created that break symmetry in time? With this thinking, Time Crystals were born, but to a large extent, its theory was like PMM machines, which would run for eternity without any energy source. According to the laws of physics, the construction of PMM machines is impossible, so the theory of Time Crystal was also rejected, but later in the year 2017, other scientists improved the old model by using entangled particles and imagining non-equilibrium matter, and confirming the presence of time crystals.
Let us now know how these Time Crystals will be useful in the future?
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| Image Source - Google | Image by-MICHELLE STARR |
Time crystals can prove to be very useful in quantum computing, physicists can use them to build stable quantum systems which will be able to work successfully even at high temperatures. Some researchers think they could be used to make highly sensitive magnetic-field detectors. The making of the Time Crystal is just the beginning. Maybe in the coming future, we revile many such mysterious theories.
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